智慧树知到《能源英语面面观》章节测试答案

智慧树知到《能源英语面面观》章节测试答案
第一章
1、The Chinese equivalent of ESAP is（     ）.
科技英语
通用英语
通用学术英语
专用学术英语
答案: 通用学术英语
2、The word “synergy” means（     ）based on its etymological explanation.
反感
协同作用
无用功
有效能量
答案: 协同作用
3、The word “oil” originally means “any kind of smooth greasy liquid” but later acquires the specific meaning of “petroleum”. This word-forming method is called（     ）.
Generalization
Specialization
Extension
Specification
答案: Specialization
4、Compounded words have four characteristics, among which（     ）refers to its spelling features.
grammatical
semantic
phonological
orthographical
答案: orthographical
5、Sour oil means oil that contains a relatively high proportion of（     ）.
sulfur
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
答案: sulfur
6、The sun energizes photosynthesis and brings about the energy called（     ）.
physical energy
chemical energy
kinetic energy
geothermal energy
答案: chemical energy
7、Energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing,（     ）and distribution.
refining
defining
retailing
deposing
答案: refining
8、The underlined word “tap” means（     ）in the following sentence—Oil is formed and then percolates up through cracks and porous rock to fill the reservoirs that humanstap to get oil.
敲打
轻拍
利用
开采
答案: 开采
9、Abbreviations can achieve brevity, conciseness, efficiency and economy. Therefore it is frequently used in the following domain EXCEPT（     ）.
new reports
academic papers
business writing
fiction writing
答案: fiction writing
10、Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between（     ）and（     ）.
input, output
output, input
consumption, production
production, consumption
答案: input, output
第二章
1、(   ) is not a real coal, but only a precursor.
Peat
Lignite
Bituminous coal
Anthracite
答案: Peat
2、China is the largest coal (      ) country in 2017.
import
production
export
reserve
答案: production
3、A tale of two Europes means (      ).
Northern Europe and Southern Europe
Western Europe and Eastern Europe
some countries in western Europe with coal exit and some countries in Eastern Europe not announcing coal phase-out
poor Europe and rich Europe
答案: some countries in western Europe with coal exit and some countries in Eastern Europe not announcing coal phase-out
4、The abiotic theory is developed in (      ) during the Cold War, as it needed to be self sufficient in terms of producing its own energy.
Germany
America
Soviet Union
China
答案: Soviet Union
5、Slightly more than half of the world’s proven reserves are located in (      ).
Latin America
America
Soviet Union
the Middle East
答案: the Middle East
6、In China, most natural gas is distributed in (      ).
plains
basins
mountains
plateaus
答案: basins
7、Which of the following are fossil fuels?
renewable
natural gas
petroleum
coal
答案: natural gas,petroleum,coal
8、The most significant uses of coal are in (      ).
electricity generation
steel production
cement manufacturing
liquid fuel
答案: electricity generation,steel production,cement manufacturing,liquid fuel
9、According to a report by British Petroleum (BP), Large supplies of coal are known to exist (proven reserves) or thought to be available in (     ).
South America
North America
Europe
Asia
答案: North America,Europe,Asia
10、Across much of Asia, coal demand grows due to its (      ).
affordability
nonrenewable
efficiency
availability
答案: affordability,availability
11、In the argument about the origin of oil, scientists should avoid letting (      ) prevent them from accepting the truth, whatever that proves to be.
previous ideas
politics
scientific petition
energy shortage
答案: previous ideas,politics,scientific petition
12、Petroleum is a (      ) mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the Earth's surface.
thick
flammable
yellow-to-black
thin
答案: thick,flammable,yellow-to-black
13、According to the report by EIA in 2018, the top three countries by oil production are (     ).
the USA
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Iran
答案: the USA,Saudi Arabia,Russia
14、Fossil fuels originated from dinosaurs.
对
错
答案: 错
15、To carry coals to Newcastle is like to pour sand on the beach.
对
错
答案: 对
16、In order to reduce the consumption of coal , China has tried its best to invest in renewable energy and to adopt new technology to improve the efficiency in industry.
对
错
答案: 对
17、The word “petroleum” originated in Latin which means “rock oil”.
对
错
答案: 对
18、Oil and natural gas are often found in similar areas, although natural gas will almost certainly be higher in the ground and under less pressure than oil.
对
错
答案: 错
第三章
1、Fuel cell engines (燃料电池发动机) are two to three times more efficient than bustion engines, meaning that much greater fuel economy is available using hydrogen in a fuel cell.
对
错
答案:对
2、A fuel cell is a device that produces electricity from chemical fuels, in just one step. Unlike batteries, fuel cells don’t run down or need recharging. As long as there is a constant source of fuel and oxygen, fuel cells will continue to generate power. And they don’t burn the fuel – the electricity is produced directly.
对
错
答案:对
3、We are more independent on electricity than we were generations ago so a failure of supply today can have major consequences.
对
错
答案:错
4、Because the fuel cell is so much more efficient that the internal bustion engine, fueling a fuel cell car can cost around the same as fueling a gasoline car.
对
错
答案:对
5、Refueling a fuel cell car is more plex and dangerous than with traditional gasoline vehicles.
对
错
答案:错
6、Solar panels, wind turbines, hydro power and geothermal energy and hydrocarbons (natural gas or coal) can all be used to produce hydrogen (a primary energy).
对
错
答案:错
7、Electrolysis can use wind, solar, geothermal, fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear, and many other energy sources.
对
错
答案:对
8、Ways to produce hydrogen fuel include producing it from nuclear power, biomass, algae, artificial photosynthesis, direct solar and coal gasification.
对
错
答案:对
9、Solar power causes no pollution at all.
对
错
答案:错
10、Seasonal variations in precipitation and long-term changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts, have a big impact on hydropower production.
对
错
答案:对
11、Petroleum and natural gas beneath the ocean floor are also considered a form of ocean energy.
对
错
答案:对
12、Hydropower systems build pressure either by containing the water behind a dam, or within a pipe that runs down a hill. The weight of the water behind the dam or in the pipe creates pressure at the bottom. More height creates more pressure, and more pressure means we can get more power from the flow of water.
对
错
答案:对
13、The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies.
对
错
答案:对
14、New energy vehicles are driven by the enery of __. It is believed that they reduce our dependence on petroleum and may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
electricity
hydrogen
wind
sunshine
答案:hydrogen
15、_ is the first element on the periodic table, making it the lightest element. Since it is so light, it rises in the atmosphere and is therefore rarely found in its pure form.
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon
答案:Hydrogen
16、In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water and releases ___.
little hydrogen
little oxygen
energy
waste
答案:energy
17、__ has the highest energy content of all known conventional fuels (by weight). It has almost 3 times more energy content by mass than __.
Hydrogen, gasoline
Hydrogen, oil
Oxygen, fossil fuels
Oxygen, gasoline
答案:Hydrogen, gasoline
18、The only products that e out of a fuel cell are ___. No pollution or other dirty byproducts e out of the tailpipe of a fuel cell car.
electricity and hydrogen
water and oxygen
electricity, heat and water
energy, water vapor, and oxygen
答案:electricity, heat and water
19、Fuel cells are versatile as they can scale up easily and meet a variety of power needs – large or small. You can ____ individual fuel cells to increase the amount of power they can provide. The taller the stack, the more power you have.
install
stack
divide
separate
答案:stack
20、Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally on Earth in large quantities, and it is locked up in enormous quantities in water, hydrocarbons, and other __. One of the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel es from being able to efficiently extract hydrogen from these pounds (化合物).
plants
organic matter
fossil fuels
inorganic matter
答案:organic matter
21、__ is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a system.
Primary energy
Premium energy
Principal energy
Preliminary energy
答案:Primary energy
22、In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the _ and _ atoms.
hydrogen, water
hydrogen, energy
hydrogen, oxygen
water, heat
答案:hydrogen, oxygen
23、Manufacturers of hydrogen generators have developed methods to use lower amounts of electricity to split water into hydrogen. Different electrolytes or catalysts are used in ___ the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms that make up water.
loosening
strengthening
separating
splitting
答案:loosening
24、The scientists and researchers have mostly decided that using nuclear power plants that are currently online may be able to produce hydrogen fuel as a byproduct of the water that they are already using to cool the ____.
nuclear tower
reactors
nuclear fusion
nuclear fission
答案:reactors
25、Landfills and farms can have high concentrations of _ which is hydrogen-rich chemical pound.
methane
carbon dioxide
oxygen
hydrocarbon
答案:methane
26、Most of today’s hydrogen is produced from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming. This is where steam and ___e together under high temperature to produce hydrogen.
water
methane
hydrocarbons
oxygen
答案:hydrocarbons
27、A raging river contains energya small stream.
less, than
more, than
same, with
all possibilities above
答案:more, than
28、Beams of sunshine are waves of light and heat energy, radiated across 93 million miles of space to reach our earth in about ____.
a second
eight minutes
an hour
a year
答案:eight minutes
29、Sunlight reaches us by radiation. Radiation travels in electromagnetic waves consisting of __, and when the energy waves reach an object, they can either pass through it, or be reflected, or be absorbed, depending on the material. PVs are made out of a semi-conducting material. When they absorb photons of sunlight, the energy of the photons dislodges electrons from their atoms. The PV’s special coating attracts free electrons to the surface, and it is this movement of electrons that produces the electrical current.
electrons
photons
neutrons
atoms
答案:photons
30、Floatovoltaics reduce the need of valuable land area, save drinking water that would otherwise be lost through __, and show a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion, as the panels are kept at a _ temperature than they would be on land.
evaporation, cooler
evaporation, hotter
precipitation, cooler
precipitation, hotter
答案:evaporation, cooler
31、The island of Ta’u in American Samoa, small in size though, is large when it es to renewable energy. It producing 100% of its electricity from solar power. The batteries store energy for up to ____ days on which the sun doesn’t shine.
three hundred
thirty
three
one
答案:three
32、Hydrogen fuel can be harvested from biomass. __, ____ and __ are three places that create much biomass.
sewage plants
landfills
farms
hospital
答案:sewage plants、landfills、farms
33、The amount of _ that drains into rivers and streams in a geographic area determines the amount of water available for producing hydropower.
raindrop
snowfall
flood
precipitation
答案:raindrop、snowfall、precipitation
34、The volume of the water flow and the change in _ from one point to another determine the amount of available energy in moving water.
water speed
elevation
fall
water flow
答案:elevation、fall
35、Water wheels are machines that use the energy of __ to turn a wheel. The axle of the turning wheel can then power other machines to do work.
flowing water
or falling water
or both
neither of them
答案:flowing water、or falling water、or both
36、The Three Gorges Dam has brought benefits to Chinese people mainly in __.
flood control
navigation improvement
power generation
tourism opportunities
答案:flood control、navigation improvement、power generation、tourism opportunities
37、New nuclear is impractical in western countries because of ____.
popular opposition
regulatory uncertainty
oft demand for multiple reactor units
high costs
答案:popular opposition、regulatory uncertainty、oft demand for multiple reactor units、high costs
38、Strong ocean currents are generated from a bination of temperature, wind, salinity, bathymetry, and the rotation of the Earth. The Sun acts as the primary driving force, causing _.
winds
currents
temperature differences
tides
答案:winds、temperature differences
39、Common environmental concerns associated with marine energy developments include ____.
the risk of marine mammals and fish being struck by tidal turbine blades
the effects of EMF and underwater noise emitted from operating marine energy devices
the physical presence of marine energy projects and their potential to alter the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance
the potential effect on nearfield and farfield marine environment and processes such as sediment transport and water quality
答案:the risk of marine mammals and fish being struck by tidal turbine blades、the effects of EMF and underwater noise emitted from operating marine energy devices、the physical presence of marine energy projects and their potential to alter the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance、the potential effect on nearfield and farfield marine environment and processes such as sediment transport and water quality
第四章
1、Hydroelectric facilities might have a major impact on（     ）.
aquatic ecosystems
birds
bats
polar bears
答案:aquatic ecosystems
2、Geothermal energy brings air emissions including（     ）.
hydrogen sulfide
carbon dioxide
methane
all  the options
答案:all  the options
3、（     ）is NOT one of the gender issues in energy industry.
gender gap
racial discrimination
glass ceiling
wage inequality
答案:racial discrimination
4、Wind farms may bring（     ）.
reservoir damage
noise pollution
respiratory disease
psychiatric disorders
答案:noise pollution
5、Under certain lighting conditions, wind turbines can create an effect known as（     ）.
urban heat island effect
light transmission
shadow flicker
island effect
答案:shadow flicker
6、To achieve gender equity in the energy sector does not mean achieving（     ）.
equal opportunity
equal pay
equal time
equal leadership
答案:equal time
7、STEM education does not include（     ）.
science
technology
engineering
masculinity
答案:masculinity
8、Women are trying to get involved in energy sectors by making efforts in different aspects except（     ）.
making energy policies
plaining juvenile delinquency
founding renewable energy panies
creating green energy initiatives
答案:plaining juvenile delinquency
9、Earth Hour starts at（     ）.
20:30
20:00
19:30
19:00
答案:20:30
10、WWF is short for（     ）.
World Wrestling Federation
World Wide Fund for Nature
World Web Foundation
World Wildlife Family
答案:World Wide Fund for Nature
11、（     ）is the world's largest conservation organization.
IEA
IRENA
WWF
OPEC
答案:WWF
12、WWF is well-known for its（     ）logo created in 1961.
tiger
panda
polar bear
penguin
答案:panda
13、Which one of these increases the level of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere?
Driving a car
Traveling by plane
Cutting down trees
All  the options
答案:All  the options
14、（     ）is taken in by plants to make food.
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
答案:carbon dioxide
15、The process by which plants make food is called（     ）.
condensation
photosynthesis
respiration
transpiration
答案:photosynthesis
16、（     ）also known as IEA, is at the heart of global dialogue on energy.
Interscholastic Equestrian Association
Individualized Education Account
International Energy Agency
Infrastructure & Energy Alternatives
答案:International Energy Agency
17、（     ）is an example of initialism.
NATO
HTML
IRENA
ASAP
答案:HTML
18、The（     ）is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy.
World Energy Forum
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
United Nations
International Renewable Energy Agency
答案:International Renewable Energy Agency
19、Choose the correct abbreviation.（     ）
We start school on Augst. 8th.
We start school on Ag. 8th.
We start school on Aug. 8th.
We start school on Augt. 8th.
答案:We start school on Aug. 8th.
20、What time of the day is 12:00 A.M.?（     ）.
midnight
morning
afternoon
evening
答案:midnight
21、“I live on 9200 S. Bell St.” What does "S." stand for in this sentence?（     ）
South
Street
Sour
Sideway
答案:South
22、Countries that rely on oil exports, can suffer from a phenomenon known as the（     ）.
“English Disease”
“Arabic Disease”
“Dutch Disease”
“Greek Disease”
答案:“Dutch Disease”
23、The（     ）Effect refers to a concept that small causes can have large effects.
Catfish
Black Sheep
Hedgehog
Butterfly
答案:Butterfly
24、The carbon market is a market in which we trade（     ）.
carbon dioxide
carbon emission allowances
carbon cycle
carbon copies
答案:carbon emission allowances
25、What year did oil prices skyrocket thanks to an OPEC embargo?（     ）
1953
1963
1973
1983
答案:1973
26、Plastic type（     ）is typically used to make bottles for water.
1
4
3
6
答案:1
27、It is safer to put type（     ）polypropylene into a microwave oven.
1
3
5
7
答案:5
28、Which is an example of geopolitics?（     ）
The Great Depression
The Cold War
The Renaissance
The French Revolution
答案:The Cold War
29、Geopolitics is closest to（     ）.
Geo philosophy
Sociology
Political geography
Geographic politics
答案:Geographic politics
30、Carbon footprints can NOT be reduced through（     ）.
recycling as much as possible
eating more meat
unplugging unused electronic devices
improving energy efficiency
答案:eating more meat
第五章
1、The ancient (              ), were all formed along the rivers.
Civilizations
Industries
Cultures
Trade
答案:Civilizations
2、Before the industrial revolution, the most important resources were (         ) in agricultural society
Coal and oil
Land and oil
Land and water
Oil and water
答案:Land and water
3、After the industrial revolution, the key energy transferred to (              ).
fossil fuels
coal
oil
fuels
答案:fossil fuels
4、people build dams and levees to control the flooding. These projects, as well as reservoirs and wells, were called (           ).
water projects
water engineering
hydraulic projects
hydraulic engineering
答案:hydraulic engineering
5、One of the reasons of the bad economic situation in Arabian world, may be attributed to the disruptive fracking technology improvement in (       ).
the U.S.A
the Middle East
European countries
East Asia
答案:the U.S.A
6、Before fossil fuels were exploited and applied on a large scale, (  ) the main source of energy in ancient China.
Coal and oil
Solar energy
Wood and charcoal
Water and wind
答案:Wood and charcoal
7、The poem Old Charcoal Man told us a fact that the royal family, as well as the mon people living in cities, need to purchase Charcoal for their (          ).
daily supply
awards to the courtiers
sacrifice rituals
special production
答案:daily supply
8、Charcoal had been the main fuel of smelting and casting industry before (        ).
Tang Dynasty
Song Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
答案:Song Dynasty
9、The uncontrolled use of firewood ultimately led to serious consequence —(            ).
Economic decline
Human migration
Vegetation deterioration
Political upheaval
答案:Vegetation deterioration
10、When the driving force of social transformation was mainly from the South and overseas, the ancient empire had to move towards early industrialization, in the way of separating (  ) and financial capital.
energy resources
coal supply
oil supply
business centers
答案:energy resources
11、In modern society, ( ), as the primary source of energy, would affect the national security.
coal
nuclear energy
fossil fuels
petroleum
答案:petroleum
12、Greenspan once said: “Oil is the blood of ( ).”
Modern economics
International business
World market
Modern industry
答案:Modern industry
13、By (       ), with the imported oil accounting for 80%, China is almost being a country totally dependent on imported oil.
2019
2020
2021
2022
答案:2020
14、China is constructing mutually beneficial relationships with all the countries along (    ).
the South China Sea
the Belt and Road
the Middle East
the Strait of Malacca
答案:the Belt and Road
15、The South China Sea contains the world's largest reserve of (    ).
bustible ice
heavy oil
petroleum
gas
答案:bustible ice
16、The international organization of financial system that President Roosevelt proposed after WWII to establish is (       ).
the United Nations
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
the World Trade Organization
the Bretton Woods system
答案:the Bretton Woods system
17、Within the Bretton Woods system, the United States promised to exchange the dollars for gold at a fixed rate of (     ) dollars per ounce.
35
36
45
46
答案:35
18、In 1974 the United States made a deal with (             )for a military alliance, which thus led to the petroleum trade being priced in the U.S. dollars.
OPEC
Saudi Arabia
Syria
The Middle East
答案:Saudi Arabia
19、After 1973, by linking the dollar to oil, a direct consequence of fighting in oil-producing countries is the soaring oil prices, which means (             ) for the dollar.
Lower demand
higher demand
lower supply
higher supply
答案:higher demand
20、The first decree issued by the Interim Government was to declare Iraq's oil exports to be priced in dollars again instead of (        ).
Gold
Iraqi dinar
Euros
French Franc
答案:Euros
21、Venezuela, a country located in north of (    ), once has been one of the world's largest exporters of oil and has the world's largest (       ).
south America, proven oil reserves
Africa, proven oil reserves
South America, oil reserves
Africa, oil reserves
答案:south America, proven oil reserves
22、The term Dutch Disease was coined in (      ) to explain a sharp decline in the Dutch economy following their discovery of (       )in 1959.
1966, natural petroleum reserves
1966, natural gas reserves
1977, natural gas reserves
1977, natural petroleum reserves
答案:1977, natural gas reserves
23、Hyperinflation is a very high, rapid, and continuous (      ), within which the prices of goods and services quickly rise to a level so high.
Inflation
Economic decline
Price rising
Economic crisis
答案:Inflation
24、the so-called oil curse has not only caused Venezuela’s economic decline, but also deteriorated its (     ) climate.
social
educational
political
cultural
答案:political
25、which of the country is the blogger from?
The U.S.A
Spain
Britain
China
答案:Britain
26、Which movies did the blogger pare the climate of Beijing to?
The lord of the Ring
Inception
Dungeons and Dragons
Harry Porter
答案:The lord of the Ring
27、For London, the disaster was the Great Smog of (          ).
1955
1961
1962
1952
答案:1952
28、In 19th-century London, (    ) was the main source of smog.
Burning charcoal
Burning coal
Burning wood
Burning kerosene
答案:Burning coal
29、In history, which river once has beendeclared biologically dead, no longer able to support any life?
Mekong River
Ganges
the River Thames
Nile river
答案:the River Thames
30、While it has set targets to increase its consumption of (     ), China remains the world’s top producer and consumer of coal
sustainable energy
green energy
non-fossil fuel energy
alternative energy
答案:non-fossil fuel energy
第六章
1、EI in Chinese means（     ）.
科学引文索引
工程索引
科技会议录索引
文献索引
答案:工程索引
2、“所在单位”should be translated into（     ）.
affiliation
unit
attachment
institute
答案:attachment
3、Which of the following parts answering the question of “What did I find?”（     ）.
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
答案:Results
4、参考文献of an academic paper should be translated into（     ）.
Bibliography
References
Appendix
Acknowledgments
答案:References
5、Which of the typical elements of an abstract can be omitted?（     ）.
background
purpose
result
conclusion
答案:background
6、The sentence pattern “The findings hold important implications …” is used to indicate the（     ）of the study.
results
conclusion
methodology
literature review
答案:conclusion
7、What is the first step after your submission of your paper?（     ）
Preliminary review
Full review
Revision
Rejection
答案:Preliminary review
8、Publish or Perish? The sentence implies that（     ）.
If a researcher publishes his paper, he has finished his work.
If a researcher fails to publish any paper, he is not deemed as successful.
If a paper is published, it bees useless.
If a paper is rejected, it has no value at all.
答案:If a researcher fails to publish any paper, he is not deemed as successful.