英语过去分词变化规则,过去分词变化规则
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动词过去式和过去分词法则
(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词
动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的e5a48de588b6e799bee5baa631333361313836重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的.现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下.
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d.如:
cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,put-put-put,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,shut-shut-shut,set-set-set,hurt-hurt-hurt,spread-spread-spread
特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red].
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的.如:
e-came-e,bee-became-bee,run-ran-run,overe-overcame-overe
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同.如:
1.把单词结尾的字母d改为t.如:
lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,send-sent-sent
2.改变单词中间元音字母.如:
sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,hold-held-held
3.以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept.如:
keep-kept-kept,sleep-slept-slept,sweep-swept-swept
4.过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词.如:
buy-bought-bought,fight-fought-fought,think-thought-thought,bring-brought-brought,teach-taught-taught,catch-caught-caught
5.有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid.如:
say-said-said,lay-laid-laid,pay-paid-paid
6.另有一些其它形式的变化.如:
have-had-had,learn-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lose-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-met,feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u.如:
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n.如:
blow- blew- blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词.如:
rise-rose-risen,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten
特殊:write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten
(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
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常规的动词只需要在此为加上ed就可以了,但是还有一些不规则的动词需要特殊记忆。
不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳
不规则动词过去式和过去分词 A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let--let--let set-set-set hit--hit-hit
shut--shut-shut hurt-hurt--hurt read--read-read 读音 /e/
lie-lied--lied 说谎 lay--laid--laid 放置,下蛋
lay- lain 躺下,位于,平放
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:
bee—became, e—came
2.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
8.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔7a64e59b9ee7ad9431333335303562 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,
mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕, dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read〔red〕,set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hide—hid,
hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—
might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore