求一篇The politeness principle and its applications i

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Speech act of request has all the time been one of the most important research fields of pragmatics and sociolinguistics.Scholars at home and abroad have made great achievements in this research field.Speech act refers to the act performed by means of utterances.Speech acts are the basic units of human verbal munication.However,as people from different cultural back grounds and use different languages,munication will undoubtedly be affected,and misunderstanding or conflicts could be caused,especially when people make requests.So the study of speech act of request strategy is necessary.Based on the theories of the speech act and some traditional views of request,this paper elaborates the structure and the classification of request.On the basis of analyzing the request strategy and affecting factor,contrast is made in the speech act of request in Chinese and English.
From what we mentioned above,we can find that cross-cultural munication is more frequent and wider in the range than anytime in the past in the human’s history.So the study of the cross-cultural munication will doubtlessly be helpful to improve mutual understanding between people from different cultures.And as one of the most effective ways to study human beings’ munication behavior,speech act theory got more and more attention from the scholars both at home and abroad.Among the speech acts,the speech act of request is employed most frequently.
Requests in many languages are made in consideration of cultural factors.Chinese culture differs with English culture in a wide range since culture is influenced by environmental adaptations and history factors.Geert Hofstede identified four dimensions of national culture that result from collectively held assumptions about the way of life,behavior,social interaction,description.They are respectively power distance,uncertainty avoidance,individualistic and masculine.
As English and Chinese are two different languages in different cultures.The close relationship between munication and culture,between language and culture shows us the importance of culture.The main cultural patterns have strong influences on how people conduct the speech act of request in English and Chinese.The differences from the power-orientated social relationship of culture also have a strong influence on the selecting strategies of speech act of request.
Through the parative study of speech act if request in Chinese and in English,we can find out that although there are many requests in mon,there exists significant differences.When making a request,Chinese people pay much attention to the social status of both the requester and the hearer as well as the relationship between these two interlocutors.They choose different addressing terms to different a