We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a paratively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.
【小题1】According to the passage, “population as a global issue” .A．is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesn’t need our concernB．focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC．deals with the same problem aroused by the population problemD．will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives【小题2】It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that .A．too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB．the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC．demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downsD．it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually【小题3】What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?A．Species petitionB．Low fertilityC．Tribal fightsD．High rate of death【小题4】The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that .A．people are permitted to have more childrenB．people can live better than beforeC．newborn babies die less than beforeD．we have found the secret of longevity【小题5】How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?A．Eighty million.B．Eight thousandC．Fifty thousandD．Five millionC
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(答案→)C
解析：文章大意：文章讨论了现在人口增长过快，并解释了为什么古代人口少有增长，而近些年人口剧增。
【小题1】C细节理解题。根据第一段首句We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”可知，这两个问题是一样的。故C正确。
【小题2】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.作者提到把人口增长比作细长导火线的比喻。故A正确。
【小题3】D细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.可知最主要原因是高死亡率。故D正确。
【小题4】B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.表明现在人口增长的原因是导致高死亡率得到很大的改善，而不是人们突然想要更多的小孩。故B正确。
【小题5】C细节理解题。根据最后一段Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours.得知正确选项为C。故C正确。