间接引语和直接引语是什么?举例说明 充分正确

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引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”.直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ ”标出,叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式）.那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如：
He said,“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称.如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——> She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——> He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑.
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）,变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——> She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——> Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——> Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——> He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——> The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——> Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before