The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and 50 cancer.
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs. The lung 51 its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its 52 stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish 53 ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic 54 for malignant tumors（肿瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly 55 to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may 56 from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the 57 of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos 58 the incidence of lung cancer. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further 59 by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not 60 .
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely 61 . Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to 62 exposure.
63 changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions. The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, 64 the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs. Pleural plaques monly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
【小题1】A．skin B．blood C．liver D．lung【小题2】A．losesB．gainsC．improves D．tightens【小题3】A．earlyB．formalC．laterD．final【小题4】A．sizeB．colorC．soundD．smell【小题5】A．nounB．term C．wayD．approach【小题6】A．relatedB．revealedC．paredD．exposed【小题7】A．disappearB．spreadC．liveD．extend【小题8】A．presenceB．activenessC．absenceD．intensity【小题9】A．and B．alongsideC．as well asD．plus【小题10】A．decreasedB．lostC．doubledD．increased【小题11】A．dietB．drinkC．smoke D．fare【小题12】A．highB．low C．mon D．frequent【小题13】A．leadB．asbestos C．carbon D．hydrogen【小题14】A．ThreeB．Some C．No D．Other【小题15】A．in caseB．now that C．whereas D．unlessD
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(答案→)D
解析：文章讲述的是石棉肺癌的各种原因。
【小题1】上下文，根据前一句a number of lung diseases可知，该处的疾病与lung有关系
【小题2】上下文，根据前一句limits the functioning of the lungs可知，肺部功能受限，即减退，所以此处填减少了灵活性，弹性
【小题3】上下文，根据上文The initial symptoms可知，此处是后来的发展阶段的
【小题4】上下文，根据bluish可知，此处填的是颜色
【小题5】lung cancer 肺癌，是一个专有名词，即term
【小题6】be directly related to与……有直接的；联系
【小题7】上下文，根据from 25 to 30可知，此处填的是extend延伸
【小题8】上下文，根据despite可知，此处填的词与前面的after initial exposure是相反的，所以是……的缺少/缺失
【小题9】固定搭配。Between ……and ……
【小题10】上下文，根据后文a 90% greater risk of catching lung 可知，危险增加了
【小题11】上下文，根据前一句Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer可知，
【小题12】上下文，根据后一句Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease，此处讲的肯定是少的病例。
【小题13】上下文，上文一直在讲肺癌与asbestos石棉的关系
【小题14】根据下文可知，此处讲的原因与前面的不一样，所以是其他的原因。
【小题15】根据the former.....the latter可知，此处指对比，所以选whereas 然而。