It is not unusual for people to speak two or three languages; they’re known as bilinguals or trilinguals. Speakers of more than three languages are known as polyglots. And when we refer to people who speak many languages, perhaps a dozen or more, we use the term hyper-polyglot.
The most famous hyper-polyglot was Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th century Italian cardinal, who was said to speak 72 languages. This claim sounds absurd. If you assume each language had 20,000 words, Mezzofanti would have to learn a word a minute, six hours a day, for eleven years—an impossible task. But Mezzofanti was tested by critics, and they were all impressed.
Did Mezzofanti have an extraordinary brain? Or are hyper-polyglots just ordinary people with ordinary brains who manage to do something extraordinary through hard work?
U.S. linguist Stephen Drashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability. As an example, he mentions a Hungarian woman who worked as an interpreter during the 20th century. When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages. She said she learned them mostly on her own, reading fiction or working through dictionaries or textbooks.
Some researchers argue to the contrary. They believe that there is such a thing as a talent for learning languages. In the 1930s, a German scientist examined parts of the preserved brain of a hyper-polyglot named Emil Krebs, who could speak 60 languages fluently. The scientist found that the area of Krebs’s brain called Broca’s area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Broca’s area in the brains of men who speak only one language. However, we still don’t know if Krebs was born with a brain ready to learn dozens of languages or if his brain adapted to the demands he put on it.
Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is in born, there’s no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.
【小题1】What does the underlined sentence imply?A．Mezzofanti could remember 360 words a day.B．Mezzofanti had a special way to learn languages.C．Mezzofanti’s achievement was ridiculous.D．Mezzofanti language ability was astonishing.【小题2】The Hungarian woman became a hyper-polyglot mainly because of her . A．good memoryB．hard workC．unique brainD．learning methods【小题3】The German scientist’s findings showed that Krebs .A．had an unusual brainB．was born with great talentC．had worked hard at languagesD．expected too much of himself【小题4】The author seems to agree that .A．it is not hard to learn foreign languagesB．hard work plays a part in language learningC．there is no such thing as a talent for languagesD．hyper-polyglots have an inborn talent for languageD
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(答案→)D
解析：文章通过举了几个会说好几种语言的人，可以看出有的人是非常勤奋，有的人似乎大脑非同寻常，但归根结底努力是分不开的。
【小题1】推理题：从划线的句子：我们可以看出Mezzofant 一分钟学一个单词，一天６小时，学11年，这是an impossible task 可知Mezzofant 的语言学习能力是让人惊讶的。选D
【小题2】推理题；文章第四段的句子：believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability.可知语言学习是需要努力的，后面举例这个匈牙利女翻译的例子，可知选B
【小题3】细节题：从倒数第二段的句子：the scientist found that the area of Krebs’s brain called Broca’s area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Broca’s area in the brains of men who speak only one language.可知Krebs有着不寻常的大脑。选 A
【小题4】推理题：从文章的最后一段的句子：there’s no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it. 可知作者认为学习语言需要勤奋。选B。