求助天津滨海新区概况的英文导游词,谁能提供八达岭长城的英文导游词？有重谢
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天津概况：
天津的建制沿革（各朝代的顺序及名称）？
天津的形成不同于内陆地区，成陆较晚。宋代以前未见史册，金朝在大直沽建立“直沽寨”；元代在此建立“海津镇”；明代朱棣将三岔口赐名“天津”，并在直沽设卫筑城；到清改卫为州，天津从此转变成了行政建制；1928年直隶省改为河北省，天津定为特别市，是天津设市之始。
天津产生的中国之最（列举4个以上）（工业方面）？
最早自己修筑的最长的铁路：津唐铁路
最老的车站之：老龙头火车站
第一套邮票：大龙邮票
最早的机器铸币厂：北洋铸币厂
第一所大学：北洋大学堂（现天津大学）
滨海新区包括哪几部分区域？其功能定位是什么？
塘沽区、汉沽区、大港区三个行政区以及东丽区、津南区的部分区域组成。滨海新区的功能定位概括为：依托京津冀、服务环渤海、辐射“三北”、面向东北亚，努力建设成为我国北方对外开放的门户、高水平的现代制造业和研发转化基地、北方国际航运中心和国际物流中心，逐步成为经济繁荣、社会和谐、环境优美的宜居生态型新城区。
简述孙中山先生的三次莅津？
1984年，孙中山先生怀着爱国救民的一腔热血北上天津，想方设法面见李鸿章提出自己的设想，遭到无理拒绝，从此走上革命道路，开始革命生涯。
1912年，第二次进津在中山公园、广东会馆等地发表讲演，宣传革命思想。重新解释三民主义，接受共产党反党反封建的革命纲领，完成了国共合作。
1924年，第三次踏上了天津的土地，发表了《告天津人民书》等，得到了天津进步人士的热烈拥护。
八大系列旅游产品：
八个产品的名称？
海河新貌游、滨海风光游、名观博览游、名人名居游、山野名胜游、名街休闲游、红色记忆游、民俗文化游
历史文化游览线：
天津市委、计生委是哪的旧址？市委是什么建筑风格的？
天津市委原是开滦矿务局大楼，是希腊古典复兴式。
天津计生委所在地是孙传芳旧居。
梁启超故居在哪里？及其生平和在饮冰室内的著作？
天津市河北区民族路44号。
梁启超，字卓如，号任公，又号饮冰室主人，广东新会人。是戊戍变法主要成员之一，与康有为齐名，近代史称“康梁变法”，是康有为的得力助手。 他是近代著名政治活动家、思想家、文学家。他的一生，经历了晚清与民国两个时期。
饮冰室内的著作：《中国历史研究法》、《清代学术概论》等。
海河游览线：海河上桥梁的顺序、名称及有哪些新桥？开启及抬升桥有哪两个？
从三岔河口出发：永乐桥—金刚桥—狮子林桥—金汤桥—北安桥—大沽桥—解放桥—保定桥—大光明桥—蚌阜桥—奉化桥—刘庄桥—光华桥
新桥有：永乐桥、大沽桥。
开启桥有：解放桥，金汤桥
抬升桥有：狮子林桥，北安桥
海河开发三段的界线（起止）及规划？
上游段：三岔口到外环线，重点发展金融、商贸旅游等第三产业；
中游段：外环线到二道闸，规划建设海河自然风景旅游区；
下游段：二道闸到入海口，规划发展现代物流，和港口经济贸易。
简介解放桥的基本情况？
解放桥位于天津火车站 （东站）与解放北路之间的海河上。解放桥最初建于1902年，于1927年重建，桥长96.7米，桥面总宽19.5米。耗资125万两白银，是海河上造价最高的一座桥梁。这是一座可以开合的桥梁。2008年7月22日，按照原貌修复的天津解放桥时隔33年重新恢复开启功能，为海河再添新景。解放桥的原名叫“万国桥”，即国际桥之意。因为当时天津有“国中之国”的英、法、俄、美、德、日、意、奥、比九国租界。此桥正处于海河两岸租界之间。民间又称此桥为“法国桥”，因为它是由法租界工部局主持建造。
利顺德名称的由来？
对于这座饭店起名的说法有两种：一种是说孟子教育儒家世子的为人之道，取名利顺以德；第二种说法就是它的英文名astor，起源于这座饭店的创始人：殷森德，的英文音译。
古文化街：
古文化街的看点包括哪些？
通庆里—玉皇阁—天演广场—天后广场—天后宫—民俗文化馆
南北牌楼题额的内容及意义是什么？
北口：一边是“沽上艺苑”：天津文化发祥地的意思；
一边是“金鳌”二字：“金”取其贵重之意；“鳌”则来源于鲤鱼跃龙门的典故。传说跃过龙门的鲤鱼就会脱胎换骨成为鳌，是龙的化身。据说海河里就有金鳌居住，凡是到过这里的人都会受到金鳌的护佑。
南口：外侧有“津门故里”：“津门”指天津，“故里”是老地方的意思，就是天津的老地方；
内侧是“晴雪”：指雪后初晴、游人如织的景色。
天津的特色工艺品有哪些？
杨柳青年画、泥人张彩塑、魏记风筝、剪纸等等。
天后宫为何坐西朝东？
众所周之天后主要是保佑航海安全，庙门朝东，直面海河可以方便一些船民商贾，在没有时间的情况下在船上就可以朝拜天后，顺应了当时繁忙的航运求，也满足了无法登岸的信徒的民俗崇拜要求。
盘山：
盘山名称的几种说法及由来？
盘山古时候称为盘龙山、四正山、无终山，最后才改名叫做盘山。之所以叫做盘龙山，是从山顶的位置俯视群山，就好像一条条腾龙一样，因此叫做盘龙山。之所以叫做四正山，就是因为盘山的主峰挂月峰海拔864.4米，一峰突起，前拥紫盖峰，后依自来峰，东连九华峰，西傍舞剑峰。五峰攒簇，其余的四座山峰基本上均属同一海拔高，因此当地老姓都称这座山，为四正山。
盘山的五峰是哪五峰？为何称东五台山？
盘山的五峰，主峰挂月峰，海拔864.4米，紫盖峰、自来峰、九华峰、舞剑峰。
盘山，还称东五台山，是和山西五台山相对而言。盘山上的紫盖峰为中台，九华峰为东台，舞剑台为西台，先师台为南台，自来峰为北台。
盘山摩崖刻字“四正门径”、“鸣驺入谷”是什么含义？
“鸣驺入谷”：“驺”指的是马脖子上挂的铃铛，因为盘山是一座佛教名山，在历史上，曾有72座寺庙，因此一些王宫大臣进山礼佛的过程中，人员的喧哗声、车马声就会回荡山谷，不绝于耳。因此得名。
“四正门径”：盘山。古时称当地老百姓都称这座山，为四正山。这是通往盘山的必经之路。因此得名。
盘山上的寺院有那几个？
天成寺：天成寺位于天津蓟县盘山风景名胜区莲花岭北。该寺始建于唐代，辽重修，清朝康熙、乾隆、同治年间亦扩建、重修。寺门为乾隆题额“天成寺”。步入寺门便见‘江山一览阁”。正殿以西，耸立一座辽代古塔，即古佛舍利塔，古佛舍利塔为市级文物保护单位。
万松寺：位于天津市蓟县盘山风景名胜区，旧称“李靖庵”，唐初名将李靖曾在此居住。清康熙年间赐名：万松寺，沿用至今。1942年被日军梵毁， 1985年修复。万松寺是盘山寺庙群中最大的庙宇。考试大提供
云罩寺：原名降龙庵，始建于唐，明万历年间，赐名云罩寺。寺东一峰矗立，为盘山主峰——挂月峰，海拔 864.4米。峰顶有定光佛舍利塔。
黄崖关长城：
黄崖关长城三道防御体系是什么？起到什么作用？
第一道防御体系就是我们看到的远处的高大的圆形哨楼-凤凰楼，当时可以作为了望也可以独立作战；
第二道防御体系就是我们现在身处的主体城墙，它城高墙厚，易守难攻；
第三道防御体系就是八卦关城。
黄崖正关为什么不设北门？
相传明成祖株隶信奉道教，他认为继承帝位，是因得到北神之助，便在京东一带和他出兵打仗的地方大建玄武庙，保佑他的江山稳固，为了避免人行和车马通过冲撞北神，所以不设北门。
简要介绍百家百将碑林？毛泽东诗词碑林？
百将、百家碑林位于黄崖关八卦城的“干字卦”内，是我国北方规模最大的当代碑林。百将碑林有107位将军，百家碑林有104位知名书法家、艺术家、政治家。
百将百家碑林的后院，就是毛泽东诗词碑林，碑林的主题词碑高1.226米，宽4.1米。毛主席28首诗词刻在99块碑林上。28首诗词共计1893个字，这一组数字联系起来，就有了一个非常的寓意：1893年12月26日毛主席诞生，他执政41年，1992年建造毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林，恰逢毛主席诞辰99周年出现这等巧合实属罕见呀！
简述太平寨景观？
黄崖关长城旅游区，分黄崖关和太平寨两个游览区。黄崖关以雄伟见长，太平寨以多变取胜。寡妇楼在黄崖关长城景区太平寨长城最西端，是一座方形石楼，名寡妇楼。寡妇楼的名称的由来，源于当地百姓中流传的一个悲壮的传说：戚继光指挥修筑长城的时候，曾征调有一支河南籍的士兵。其中有十二名士兵的妻子，见丈夫数年不归，杳无音信，便结伴到边关寻夫。她们历尽千辛万苦，终于来到蓟州长城跟前，却获知她们的丈夫为修筑长城献出生命。她们悲痛万分，在墓前痛哭。蓟镇总兵戚继光巡视长城路过这里，见此情景，问明了情况，并发给每人一笔抚恤金，让她们回去好好抚育儿女，赡养老人。于是她们抑制着悲痛，商量决定继承夫志，为国分忧，献出抚恤金，并留下来参加修筑长城。最后，她们修起了这座御敌的敌楼。为了纪念这12名深名大义的巾帼英雄，人们便把这座敌楼称作“寡妇楼”。
独乐寺：
独乐寺名称由来的几种说法？
关于独乐寺的得名众说纷纭，其一，是有人说主雕塑观音像内的撑架是由一颗巨大的杜梨树切削而成，取其谐音而得名。而更多的人和专家则认为，佛家清心寡欲，独以普度众生为乐。所以，得名叫做独乐寺。
独乐寺三绝是什么？为什么称绝？
古建、泥塑、山门。
独乐寺观音阁是我国仅存的最古老的木结构高层楼阁；
观音阁内的观音菩萨像是我国仅存的最大的古代泥塑之一；
独乐寺山门是哦国现存最早最尊贵的庑殿顶山门。
山门中四大天王壁画中四大天王是谁？法器及寓意是什么？
四大天王象征着风调雨顺。
东方持国天王：手持琵琶；
南方增长天王：手握宝剑；
西方广目天王：手缠一赤龙（也有的作赤索）；
北方多闻天王：右持宝伞（又称宝幡），左手握神鼠——银鼠。
观音阁的建筑特点？
观音阁是我国现存最古老的木结构楼阁，面阔五间，进深四间，上下两层，中间设平座暗层，通高23米。大阁设计别具匠心。二十八根立柱，做里外两圈升起，用梁桁斗拱联结成一个整体，赋予建筑巨大的抗震能力。斗拱繁简各异，共计24种，152朵，使建筑既庄严凝重，又挺拔轩昂。三层楼阁，中间做成暗层，省去一层瓦檐，避免了拥簇之感，暗层处里外修回转平台，供认礼佛和凭栏远眺，既实用又美观。
观音阁内壁画的由来及内容？
观音阁一层四周墙壁上，是元代绘制、明代重描的壁画珍品，在清代乾隆18年一次大修独乐寺时，被覆盖上一层灰，1972年修正观音阁时偶然发现剥出，才再现世人面前。这组佛教壁画以16罗汉和2明王为主题，间绘神话故事，世俗题材。
石家大院：
三道垂花门的名称？上方雕花是什么？意义是？
石家大院的垂花门有三座，第一座，名称叫含苞欲放，上面天窗阁里面画的主要是四季花鸟，这个门寓意就是说四季平安；第二座门，花开一点叫“花蕊吐絮”，上面天窗阁里面图案是9只仙鹤和古代铜钱，寓意就是团鹤献寿，第三座门，莲花是完全开放的，而且结满籽了，名称叫籽满蓬莲，上面还刻有葫芦图案代表的是“子孙万代”。
石家大院中戏楼的建筑特点？
石府戏楼位于石家大院的中心位置，戏楼集南北风格为一体。木质结构，铅皮封顶，它订做的铜铆钉，巧妙地在戏楼顶上铆出了一个长寿的寿字。石府戏楼具有三大特点，冬暖、夏凉、音质好。冬暖，是因为它采用最科学的方式，地采暖，夏天凉快是因为它顶子高，散热快，屋里有很多条石调节温度，音质好是因为它三面的墙是磨砖对缝的，从这唱戏，从佛堂里面也能够听得非常真切。考试大编辑整理
杨柳青年画的代表作及制作工序？
杨柳青年画在制作上分5工序：勾描、刻板、印刷、彩绘、装裱
代表作：《连年有余》、《荷亭消夏》
五大道：
五大道的形成背景是什么？
自1860年第二次鸦片战争结束，《北京条约》签定，天津被迫辟为通商口岸，同时也出现了外国租界。到二十世纪初，天津先后出现了九国租界，成为近代中国租界最多的城市。尤其是民国以后，租界内中国人口的大量增长，租界与华界的进一步结合以及近代大众传播媒介的迅速发展。五大道位于民国时期的英租界内，这里有“万国建筑博览会”之称。近代许多政客买办、达官显贵居于此处，庆王府：清朝庆亲王戴振旧居；陈光远旧宅；孙殿英旧宅等等。
延东西向，从南到北是那几条道路？
马场道、睦南道、大理道、常德道、重庆道、成都道。
列举马场道和睦南道上的名人故居（列举3个）？
马场道：马场道50号曾是徐世昌大总统后代的宅邸；马场道121号小洋楼，原为英侨学者达文士居住；马场道117号：天津外国语学院。
睦南道：睦南道20号为孙殿英旧宅，睦南道24号为中国近代外交家颜惠庆旧居，睦南道28号为李叔福旧居，睦南道50号为张学良二弟张学酩旧居。
庆王府的背景？及建筑方面的内容？
1925年载振迁居天津，买下了太监小德张在旧英租界剑桥道（今重庆道）55号的宅院，俗称“庆王府”。这个现为天津市政府外事办公室所在地的处所据说是小德张亲自设计的，楼房为砖木桔构，局部三层，平屋顶，带地下室，总建筑面积5千多平方米。
“庆王府”建筑平面为矩形，南北向。中间是中空到顶、面积350平方米的长方形大厅，大罩棚式厅顶。一、二层房间沿大厅周围环绕设置。东、西、南、北四面开间，均为 “明三暗五”对称排列。一楼除大厅、客厅外，多为住房。二楼属附属房间。局部三层的八间房，是载振加盖上去的，专做祭祀和供奉先祖的影堂。二楼大厅四周设有列柱式回廊。从东、西、北三面穿堂过厅，厅堂相通，给人一种幻化的空间叠进的巧妙感觉。楼东是花园，建有传统的六角凉亭。楼北正中门厅为主入口，青冬石垒就的“宝塔式”高台阶，望之气象威严。
英文就要靠你自己了~加油~祝你成功~
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The Great Wall
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces--Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to municate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night. Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern munications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important munication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site. Notes:1. the Taj Mahal in India 印的泰姬陵2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3. Sanskrit 梵语4. Uigur 维吾尔语
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)
Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important munication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.
Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
Notes:
1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵
2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园
3. Sanskrit 梵语
4. Uigur 维吾尔语参考资料：http://www.tour666./bbs/topic.asp?bbsid=10&topicid=1328&page=1