WHEN John Gurdon was 15, he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his grade at biology. He al

WHEN John Gurdon was 15, he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his grade at biology. He also came in last for every other science subject. His teacher wrote in a     : “I believe he has ideas about being a     ; on his present showing this is quite foolish.”
Luckily, the teacher’s words didn’t      Gurdon’s love for science. He kept working hard. He went to lab earlier and left      than anyone else.
On Oct 8, 2012, 64 years later, the British professor      the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka had contributed to the research and therefore      the award.
Gurdon got the honor      his research into cells and cloning. When he was studying at Oxford, he did some      on cells. He took a cell from an adult frog, moved its     , and put them into an egg cell. The egg cell then      into a clone of the adult frog. His research      for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.
At that time, many people      accept Gurdon’s idea. But later it helped to      Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal in history. It also led to important findings in the      use of cells. For example,      from someone’s skin can turn into any type of tissue in the body. This is good news for those      who have diseased or damaged tissue.
Gurdon always remembers the      he had when he was 15. He even put the report on his desk as a daily      to himself.
“When you have     , like an experiment doesn’t work, it’s nice to remind yourself that perhaps you are not so good at your job and the teacher may be     ,” he said.
However, the facts suggest Gurdon is pretty good indeed.
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