Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐）minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石）that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.
The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its home.
【小题1】The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”.A．to set upB．to make people accept a beliefC．to discover or prove D．to start having a relationship with others【小题2】How did the scientists reach the finding?A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars.D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.【小题3】According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.C．Finding that there is water flowing on Mars.D．Proving where human beings will probably land on Mars.【小题4】Where can we most probably read this passage?A．In a biography of scientists.B．In a geography magazine.C．In an environment report.D．In a science report.C
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(答案→)C
解析：本文主要说明一个科学报告：许多年前火星比现在更温暖，潮湿。
【小题1】猜词题：从第一段最后一句The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented结合前面两句可以说明科学家发现了40亿年前的火星地表的温度的证据。“establish”是discover or prove ，选C
【小题2】细节题：从第二段的句子：They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.及最后一段It is called the Allan Hills meteorite可知科学家是通过研究Allan Hills陨石得到这个发现的。答案选A
【小题3】细节题：从第四段倒数第二，三句话These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.可以看出宇宙飞船火星轨道是给火星地表拍照的。B
【小题4】文章出处题：从第一段第一句Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.可知本文主要讲的是一个科学报告，故选D