Environmentalists urged that more effective measures by the government to reduce the pollu

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A. were taken
B. would adopt
(答案→)C. be adopted
D. should take
解析：句意：环保人士催促政府应当采取措施来减少环境的污染。这里adopt measures和take measures都是采取措施的意思。但是需用被动语态，故排除BD；又因为urged后的宾语从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气should+do，should可省略，故选C。