In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房东) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
【小题1】There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .A．cause a shortage of apartmentsB．worry those who rent apartments as homes.C．increase the profits of landlords.D．encourage landlords to invest in building apartments.【小题2】We can safely say that rent control .A．will always benefit those who rent apartments.B．is unnecessary.C．will probably bring inactive effects in the long run.D．is necessary under all conditions【小题3】There will be the problem of unemployment if .A．the minimum wage is set too high..B．the minimum wage is set too early.C．the workers are unskilled.D．the maximum wage is set for poor workers.【小题4】The passage tells us about .A．the relationship between supply and demand.B．the possible results of government controls.C．the necessity of government control.D．the urgency of getting rid of government control.【小题5】Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted.B．Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.C．Economic theory can help predict the results of economic decision if other factors are not changing.D．Economists usually have the same prediction about an economic decision.A
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(答案→)A
解析：文章讨论的是政府控制经济的可能结果。
【小题1】细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.可知A正确。
【小题2】推理题。根据文章第一段内容可知限制租赁价格会带来一系列的影响，从长远来看会导致公寓数量的不足，以及一些其他的不够积极的影响。
【小题3】推理题。根据文章第二段可知如果设立的最低工资过高，会让企业不去雇佣更多的人，或者借助于机器。那样就会有更多的人失业。故A正确。
【小题4】主旨大意题。文章讨论的是政府控制的可能结果。
【小题5】推理题。根据文章最后一段Economists do not agree on some of the predictions.可知这两者的预测经常是不一样的。故D正确。