第三部分任务型阅读（共两节，满分35分）The history of Chinese calligraphy is probably as long as that of Chin

第三部分任务型阅读（共两节，满分35分）
The history of Chinese calligraphy is probably as long as that of China itself. Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts. Through the centuries Chinese characters have changed constantly and are mainly divided into five categories today: the seal script (zhuan shu), official script (li shu), regular script (kai shu), running script (xing shu) and cursive script (cao shu).
Calligraphy involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills. Among the most outstanding calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.
In writhing calligraphy, one will need a brush, paper, an ink-stick and an ink-stone, monly referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”. There are different types of brushes. White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. According to their function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and medium. Brush sticks are usually made of bamboo, wood, or porcelain; ivory or jade sticks are rare and precious.
The ink-stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink-stick is hui mo (Anhui ink stick), made from pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink-stick. Press the ink-stick hard and rub it lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab to make thick, liquid-ink.
While paper es in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in Xuanzhou (today’s Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and moth-proof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.
Ink-stones or ink-slabs have been classified into three categories: Duan, she and Tao. Features mon to all three are hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard and smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink-stick against the stone.
By handling the brush and ink skillfully and carefully, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.
Title: Chinese Calligraphy
 
(76)      of Chinese characters
Seal scrip (zhuan shu)
Calligraphy involves both theory and many (78)    , wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan are well-known for creating their personal (79)    
(77)     script (li shu)
Regular script (kai shu)
Running script (xing shu)
Cursive script (cao shu)
 
Four (80)     of the Study
 
Brush
(81)     for the brush
White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair,or yellow-weasel-hair
Function
Hard, (82)     and medium
Stick
Bamboo, wood, porcelain, ivory or jade
Ink-stick
hui mo
(Anhui ink)
Made from (83)     that grow on Huangshan Mountain
Paper
Xuan paper
Soft and fine textured;
Can be kept for a (84)     time
 
Ink-stone
Duan
Common (85)    : hard and fine, but not dry or slippery
She
Tao
76. Categories        77. Official            78. skills               79. styles               80. Treasures