till·until和by的区别

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牛津高阶英汉双解词典
till 1 => until. till 2
/ tɪl; tɪl/ n
drawer in which money is kept behind the counter in a shop, bank, etc or in a cash register （店铺、 银行等的）放钱的抽屉.
(idm 习语) have, etc one's fingers in the till => finger. till 3
/ tɪl; tɪl/ v [Tn] prepare and use (land) for growing crops 耕（地）.
> tillage / ˈtɪlɪdʒ; ˋtɪlɪdʒ/ n [U]
action or process of tilling 耕种; 耕作.
tilled land 耕过的田地.
tiller n person who tills 耕种者; 农夫.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典
until / ənˈtɪl; ənˋtɪl/ (also till) (till more informal; until usu preferred in initial position *till多用於口语; until通常用於句首) conj up to the time when 直到...时（为止）: Wait until the rain stops. 等到雨停了再说吧. * Don't leave till I arrive. 我不来你不要离开. * Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就看见指示牌了. * Until she spoke I hadn't realized she was foreign. 她要不说话我还一直不知道她是外国人. * I won't stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我走我就一直喊叫. * No names are being released until (ie before) the relatives have been told. 只有在通知这些人的亲属以后才可透露其姓名.
> until (also till) prep (a) up to (a specified time) 直到（某一时刻）: wait until tomorrow 等到明天 * It maylast till Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五. * Nothing happeneduntil (ie before) 5 o'clock. 五点钟以前没有出现任何迹象. * The street is full of traffic from morning till night. 这条街从早到晚行人车辆很多. * Until now I have always lived alone. 我一直独自生活至今. * I'd like to stay here up until Christmas. 我想在这儿呆到圣诞节. (b) up to the time of (a specified event) 直到（发生某事）: The secret was never told until after the old man's death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来. * Don't open it till your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开. * She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员, 战时受训当了护士.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典
by 1 / baɪ; baɪ/ adv part
near 靠近: He stole the money when no one was by. 他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了. * He lives close/near by. 他住在附近.
past 经过: drive, go, run, walk, etc by 驶过; 经过; 跑过; 走过等 * He hurried by without speaking to me. 他匆匆经过没有跟我说话. * Excuse me, I can't get by. 劳驾, 请让我过去. * Time goes by so quickly. 时间过得真快.
aside; in reserve 在旁边; 保留: lay/put/set sth by 把某物摆[放/搁]在一边 * I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round. 我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝.