An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters pared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This es from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will bee a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will bee as he can and should be.”
【小题1】The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”.A．programB．regulationC．correctionD．classification【小题2】What’s the passage mainly about?A．A new scientific experiment.B．The Self-fulfilling Effect.C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.D．An improved teaching method.【小题3】The experiment was made in order to .A．try out a new teaching methodB．pick out the most excellent pupilsC．learn if expectations affect performanceD．give each pupil a proper rating【小题4】What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?A．Strict training from Higgins.B．Her own strong will and hard work.C．The proper way she was regarded.D．Warm encouragement from Pickering.【小题5】According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “ ”.A．I’m sure you can make itB．I will help you any timeC．It is as easy as pieD．It doesn’t matter if you failD
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(答案→)D
解析：本题介绍了心理学上的皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待对我们人生的影响。
【小题1】D 推理题。根据第一段1,2行At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”.说明该词是指给学生排名分类，从高到低顺序排列。故D项内容与之相符。
【小题2】B 主旨大意题。本题介绍了心理学上的皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待对我们人生的影响，故B正确。
【小题3】C 推理题。本文第一段中的这个例子就是为了向我们说明人们的心理期待对人生的影响。那些分类排名本来并不正确，但是它给了人们心理暗示，就应该按照那个顺序来排名，最终的结果与最先的期待基本类似。这个例子正是为了向我们表明心理暗示即期待对人有很多的影响的。故C项正确。
【小题4】C 推理题。根据第二段最后两行But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will bee a duchess, but how she’s treated.说明是她被如何对待的方式改变了结果。故C项正确。
【小题5】A 推理题。根据皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一……说明如果我们要成功就要自己一定的心理暗示，故你要完成一个艰巨的任务，要对自己说我一定能行。故A项正确。