什么是助动词,它的用法又是怎样的?

发布时间:2021-03-05 03:49:14

什么是助动词,它的用法又是怎样的?

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什么是助动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语.
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌.
He has got married. 他已结婚.
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国.
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他.
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do e to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事.
3) 最常用的助动词有:be,have, do, shall, will, should, would
助动词be的用法
1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会.
English is being more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要.
2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的.
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语.
3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约.
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生.
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法.
b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释.
He is to e to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室.
c. 征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合.
助动词have的用法
1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦.
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半. 2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久. 3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式
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