【proxemics】Proxemics(空间关系学)isthestudyofwhatgovernshowcloselyone...

Proxemics （空间关系学） is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another．People who feel close will be close，though the actual distances will vary between cultures．For Americans we can detect four main categories of distance：intimate （亲密的），personal，social and public．Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters．This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife．Beyond this es personal distance．This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters．It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives．Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings．Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters．Beyond this es public distance，such as that between a lecturer and his audience．
All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship．They differ，however，in where they draw these lines．Look at an international reception with representatives from the US and Arabic countries talking and you will see the Americans pirouetting （快速旋转） backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners．The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as"normal"．They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners，though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit"pushy"．The Arab，on the other hand，ing from a culture where much closer distance is the pattern，may be feeling that the Americans are being"stand-offish"．Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them．
The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too．One study of the number of times people talking in coffee shops over a one-hour period showed the following interesting variations：London，0； Florida，2； Paris，10； and Puerto Rico 180．Not only does it vary between societies，however，it also varies between different subcultures within one society．Young people in Britain，for example，are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation．This may be partly a matter of growing older，but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less mon for all age groups．Forty years ago，for example，footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today．
（Note：Answer the questions or plete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）
78．What govern the standing space between two persons in proxemics？___
79．The underlined word"stand-offish"in Paragraph 2 most probably means"___"．
80．Why may Arabs pursue Americans in a conversation at an international reception？
___
81．What can be inferred from the last paragraph is that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with___． 英语