1During the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war. With two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country, many jobs in the United States became available to blacks and women for the first time.
2Both groups proved their ability to do any kind of job. Women became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers. Their presence in traditionally male workplace produced many problems. Men were annoyed by women’s higher productivity and willingness to work for lower pay. Working mothers were often criticized for leaving their families. But many women weled the responsibilities. “It was not until our men were called overseas,” said one woman bank executive, “that we make any real onslaught on the realm of finance, and became tellers, managers of departments, and junior and senior officers.”
3Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance the war.
4American manufacturers offered jobs to large numbers of black Americans for the first time as a result of the war. Most factories were located in the North. To take advantage of these new job opportunities, many black families moved from their homes in the South to the Northern cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit.
5White Americans were of two minds about the role of black Americans in the war effort. On the one hand, black workers’ ability to learn new jobs quickly and do them well strengthened the home front, and the black men’s fighting ability helped the Allies win the war. However, many whites did not want to acknowledge that blacks were capable, effective workers. White soldiers returning from the war had no desire to pete for jobs with blacks on equal terms. At the same time, many blacks were not willing to a lesser role once the war had ended.
【小题1】Why could American women and backs find jobs during World War I?A．They were taken to serve the war.B．They had their equal right at that time.C．Workforce was in great need.D．They had better productivities.【小题2】Which of the following is Untrue according to the above passage?A．Blacks women were not allowed to fight in World War I.B．All American women went to work during World War I.C．Northern cities applied more blacks during World War I.D．Women and blacks earned a lot during World War I.【小题3】Which of the following is the main idea of the whole passage?
A. Americans benefited a lot from World Ward I.
B. World War I had strong effect on America.
C. Some Americans benefited from World War I indirectly.
D. U.S.A. women and blacks contributed much in World War I.
【小题4】Which of the following shows the right structures of the above passage?A．1→23→45B．1→2→3→4→5C．1→23→4→5D．123→4→5C
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(答案→)C
解析：本文向读者介绍了第一次世界大战期间，一些美国人由于战争而间接地受益。这些受益者主要是两类人：黑人和妇女。
【小题1】C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在第一次世界大战期间，白人男人参战，加上没有外来
移民，所以劳动力缺乏，从而为黑人和妇女创造了就业机会。
【小题2】B推理判断题。根据第三段“Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other
ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance
the war.”。可知，并非所有的妇女都去工作了，而是以其它方式参与了战争。
【小题3】C主旨大意题。第一段为主题段，根据第一段第一句During the First World War, some
Americans indirectly benefited because of the war.可知文章将主要介绍两类人间接受益于第一次世界
大战，即黑人和妇女。
【小题4】A篇章结构题。文章分成三个并列层次：第一段为主题段，第二段和第三两段主要是讲妇女在战争中工作的情况，而第四段和第五段两段侧重介绍黑人在战争中工作的状况。故答案为A。