Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was 1in B

Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was  1 in Britain in 1881 to restrict 2  from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions  3  “fair trade” laws to construct what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反倾销)” laws allow a pany that  4  a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge special taxes to protect it from “unfair”  5 .
Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the  6  of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their  7 aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their  8  by cutting out the inflated profits of the middlemen on whom they  9  for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products  10  cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not pete with domestic European production, and  11  do not have a protectionist motive(动机).
This is how it works: In  12  for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given 13  by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark  14  supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than  15  price . Third-world farmers get their ine increased , 16  first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven.
The fair-trade movement,  17  in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons  18  to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations,  19  1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very  20 share – typically less than 1% – of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc.
【小题1】A．discoveredB．foundedC．encouragedD．promoted【小题2】A．importsB．exportsC．outputD．trade【小题3】A．disobeyB．breakC．useD．study【小题4】A．suspectsB．needsC．wantsD．advertises【小题5】A．agreementB．contractC．gameD．petition【小题6】A．worriesB．mindsC．mentsD．projects【小题7】A．educationalB．politicalC．worthyD．immediate【小题8】A．favourB．benefitC．interestD．produce【小题9】A．dependB．spendC．lookD．apply【小题10】A．asB．likeC．withD．for【小题11】A．insteadB．otherwiseC．thereforeD．anyhow【小题12】A．fearB．storeC．preparationD．exchange【小题13】A．secretlyB．publiclyC．officiallyD．successfully【小题14】A．urgesB．enablesC．ordersD．forces【小题15】A．normalB．potentialC．lowestD．best【小题16】A．whenB．whileC．asD．but【小题17】A．launchedB．arrangedC．inventedD．developed【小题18】A．wantedB．refusedC．hadD．decided【小题19】A．tellingB．representingC．Choosing D．receiving【小题20】A．smallB．littleC．goodD．largeB