The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder to the amatures.第一个to 或者充当什么成分?那为什么前面用has been 用has made
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Have you ever heard of following expression while learning infinitives:
James bond is to approach the selected target in Viena.
The school board is to discuss this issue during next session.
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Now you can see the structure;
sb is to do sth
sth is to happen
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-----------------which is meant to express sth formal and sometimes imperitive.
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-------------------------------------------------You sentence can well be converted to:
The result is to make entrance harder to amatures.
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--------------------------------------And because it describes sth happened and sth still having current effect, the Present Perfect Tense is used.
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-----------------period
======以下答案可供参考======
供参考答案1:
后面的to make entrance to professional geological journals harder to the amatures整个是一个不定式
因此第一个to是副词,不定式符号
供参考答案2:
引导make entrance 不作been的表语!
供参考答案3:
引导不定式短语，作been的表语。