(2013·高考辽宁卷，D)“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785，“some kind of fly，or bug，had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that，Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫)．But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language，leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person，referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term，sports fans used to be called racing bugs，baseball bugs，and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object，for example，a bugshaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm，from which es the expression to bug，that is，“to install (安装) an alarm”．Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s，to bug has long meant“to cheat”，and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a puter program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as“little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and labor to overe in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison“had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
【小题1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century【小题2】What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Explanation. B．Finding.C．Origin.D．Fault.【小题3】The passage is mainly concerned with .A．the misunderstanding of the word bugB．the development of the word bugC．the public views of the word bugD．the special characteristics of the word bugD
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(答案→)D
解析：本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了bug一词的不同含义及发展过程。它可以指一个对某种活动着迷的人，也可以指一种小型机器或物体，还可以指防盗设备以及窃听设备。如今，它可以指代电脑程序或其他设计中出现的缺陷，而在爱迪生时代，它指代发明中遇到的一些困难、问题。
【小题1】解析：选D。推理判断题。华盛顿使用该词是在18世纪，而这时英国人已经使用该词一个多世纪了，由此可知，18世纪时，两个国家都在使用这个词，故D项正确。文章并未提到美国人在学习使用bug方面存在困难，排除A项；英国人在华盛顿使用该词之前已经用过这个词了，根据第一段中的“But the father of America was not the father of bug.”排除B项；根据第一段最后一句可排除C项。
【小题2】解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“little problems and difficulties”可以判断出，bug如今指代电脑程序或者其他设计中需要克服的缺陷、瑕疵，故D项正确。A项意为“解释”；B项意为“发现”；C项意为“来源”；D项意为“故障；缺陷”。
【小题3】解析：选B。主旨大意题。总结全文可知，文章主要围绕bug一词的发展过程以及不同含义来展开，故B项符合文章主旨。A项意为“对bug一词的误解”；C项意为“大众对bug一词的看法”；D项意为“bug一词的特殊之处”，均不能概括出全文内容。