There is some unwele news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and e back to a task when you're feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. If you think of willpower as something that's limited, you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task, said Prof.Veronika Job. 'But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students'-beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑).
Mr. Job said. The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.'
The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
【小题1】The theory that willpower is limited supports that . A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired B．people do need a break to restore their willpower C．there’s no way to strengthen people’s willpower D．weak willpower doesn’t affect people’s life much【小题2】What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower? A．It is in the charge of people.B．It is a limited resource.C．There is no way to restore willpower.D．It doesn’t easily run out.【小题3】Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.B．Don’t eat fast food while studying.C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited.D．Stay in a fortable and quiet place.【小题4】The following groups can benefit from the findings exceptA．patients following strict dietsB．children liking to watch TVC．smokers trying to give up smokingD．employees facing a new but well-paid task【小题5】What’s the best title for the passage? A．A new theory about willpowerB．How to build strong willpower C．The great influence of willpowerD．Willpower doesn’t last longB
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(答案→)B
解析：人们长久以来认为意志力是有限的，所以人们累了就需要休息，但是一项新的研究表明，人的意志力是无限的，这会导致人们更加专注，对于那些和诱惑做斗争的人，这个发现是很有用的。
【小题1】细节题：从第二段的句子：They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.可知人们的意志力是有限的支持了：人们需要休息修复他们的意志力这种说法，选B
【小题2】细节题：从文章第二段的句子：Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and e back to a task when you're feeling better.可知科学家长期以来认为意志力是一个有限的资源，选B
【小题3】细节题：从文章第四段的句子：After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.可知提醒孩子自己意志力不是有限的可以帮助他们更好的准备考试。选C
【小题4】推理题：从最后一段的句子：The findings could help people who are battling temptation.可知对那些要和诱惑作斗争的人来说，这项发现是有用的。所以遵循严格饮食计划的病人，喜欢看电视的孩子和想戒烟的抽烟者都可以从这项发现受益，而面对一个新的，但是报酬丰厚的任务的职员不能受益于这个发现。选D
【小题5】标题确定题：从那个全篇文章和第一段的句子：There is some unwele news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.可知文章介绍了一个关于意志力的新发现，所以A是最好的标题。