共享题干题 （一） Geology and Health阅读材料，回答下列的问题：(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past fewdecades, and the ideathat geology might be related to health has been recognized for anumber ofelements such as iodine, zincand selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents producecrops, and animals deficient in iodine. alack of iodine in the human diet leads to some seriousdiseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks,which weather into soil, gainingor losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil theelements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached fromrock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemis-try and health of plants,animals and people.(3)So far there is no datato suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience apotentialhealth hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not highenough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent ahealthrisk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small chil-dren are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also themost likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment.Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation B．ecause heavymetals are ahealth concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to causecancer and are also known to cause poisoning.(5)In contrast,naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies andrehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations wellabove those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.(6)There is avital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living onnaturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils shouldconcentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologist.,should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rocband soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.1.[不定向选择题]Paragraph 4____________A.No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soil B.Potential hazards of human contaminated soils. C.Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chain D.Geology and health problems.E.Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollutionF.Long-term health effects on childrenABCDEF确定 2.[不定向选择题]It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on____________.A.industrially polluted soils B.rock and soil chemistry C.naturally polluted soils D.the pathways of metals into the food chainE.the element of iodineF.the persistence of heavy metalsABCDEF确定
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1.参考答案：B
参考解析：第四段说，受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易分解。因此，某些微量重金属被认为有可能与癌症有关，并引起中毒。
2.参考答案：C
参考解析：本题答案的依据是最后一段的第一句，即“There is avital need to understand the po-tential risks and long—term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils．”3.[不定向选择题]Some diseases is connected with deficiency of____________.A.industrially polluted soils B.rock and soil chemistry C.naturally polluted soils D.the pathways of metals into the food chainE.the element of iodineF.the persistence of heavy metalsABCDEF确定