A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t

A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物学上)these sleepyhead(贪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
　　“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
　　Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
　　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as monly thought.
　　Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
　　All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
【小题1】Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because     .A．it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtimeB．it is biologically difficult for students to rise earlyC．students work so late at night that they can’t get up earlyD．students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early【小题2】The underlined phrase nod off most probably means     .A．turn aroundB．agree with othersC．fall asleepD．refuse to work【小题3】What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?A．Adolescents depend more on their parents.B．Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.C．Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.D．Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.【小题4】What is the test mainly about?A．Adolescent health care.B．Problems in adolescent learning.C．Adolescent sleep difficulties.D．Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.B