For more than a century, since he captured the spoken words Mary had a little lamb on a sh

For more than a century, since he captured the spoken words Mary had a little lamb on a sheet of tinfoil (锡纸), Thomas Edison has been considered the father of recorded sound. But researchers say they have discovered a recording of the human voice which is nearly two     【小题1】    earlier than Edison's invention of the phonograph.
The 10-second recording of a singer crooning (轻声歌唱)  the folk song  Au Clair de la Lune  was discovered earlier this month in an       【小题2】     in Paris by a group of American audio historians. It was made, the researchers say, on April 9, 1860, on a phonautograph, a machine designed to record sounds     【小题3】    , not to play them back. But the phonautograph recording, or phonautogram, was made playable---converted from squiggles (潦草的字迹) on paper to sound---by scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif.
This is a      【小题4】    find, the earliest known recording of sound, said Samuel Brylawski, the former head of the recorded-sound division of the Library of Congress, who is not     【小题5】    with the research group but who was familiar with its findings. The audio discovery could give new       【小题6】     to the phonautograph, and its inventor, Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville,  a Parisian typesetter who went to his grave       【小题7】    that credit for his breakthroughs had been     【小题8】    bestowed on Edison.
The recordings made by Scott were not intended for listening; the idea of audio      【小题9】     had not been conceived.  Rather, Scott sought to create a paper record of human speech that could later be    【小题10】    .decades