The doctors to operate on the woman because her husband had not given permission.A. would

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A. would refuse
B. have refused
C. refuse
(答案→)D. refused
解析：考察时态。句意：因为她的丈夫不允许，所以医生拒绝给这个女士动手术。根据句中的had not given permission可知这是一个过去完成时，是发生在前面一句之前的事情，故前面的主句使用一般过去时。故D正确。