What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate(调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone. The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.
【小题1】What makes a scientist according to the passage？A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.C．The way he uses his tools.D．The various tools he uses.【小题2】“...knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.” The writer says this to show .A．the importance of informationB．the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleC．the importance of thinkingD．the difference between carpenters and ordinary people【小题3】 A sound（合理的） scientific theory should be one that .A．works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other timesB．doesn’t allow any change even under different conditionsC．leave no room for improvement.D．can be used for many purposes【小题4】What is the main idea of the passage？A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.B．The Theory of Relativity.C．Exactness is the core(核心)of science.D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.C
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(答案→)C
解析：是什么品质成就了一名科学家呢？是他学习的方式还是学习的工具使他与众不同呢？答案是否定的。科学家之所以能成为科学家，不是因为他们使用的工具不同，而是因为他们使用工具的方式不同； 此外作为一名科学家，他们提供的理论必须是精确严密的。
【小题1】C细节理解题。由文章第一段It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist.可知一个人之所以能成为科学家不在于他所使用的工具，而在于他如何使用这些工具。故正确答案为C。
【小题2】C推理判断题。根据句中的how可知如何去调查，如何去发现都需要运用人的思维能力，这些都是人们努力思考的结果，由此推断作者说这些话的目的是想说明思考的重要性，故C为正确选项。
【小题3】A细节理解题。根据文章第二段What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.可知科学理论指的是可以在一系列条件下面行得通的东西，必须在别的时候也可以在同样的条件下行得通，所以答案选A。
【小题4】D主旨大意题。文章开头以设问方式提出中心What makes a person a scientist？然后在两段中分别介绍科学家所应该具有的品质，即如何使用工具和知识的严谨精确，由此可知D为正确选项。