There has been a large increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years

There has been a large increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in thefuture. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat (威胁)of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 31 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property(财产）in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed（安装）in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
About 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption（消耗）. China depends heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【小题1】What problem should be settled now in London?A．How to protect the city’s propertyB．Where to build its flood defencesC．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences【小题2】Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.【小题3】The major threats to Shanghai are     .A．increasing population and coal-fired power stationsB．rising sea levels and typhoonsC．extremely high temperature and rising sea levelsD．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons【小题4】The purpose of the passage is     .A．to tell us how to protect the big citiesB．to give advice on how to defend natural disastersC．to explain what causes flood and heat wavesD．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big citiesD