A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (输血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.
There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (继承) from parents.
Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.
There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.
【小题1】Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ = giving blood to)
【小题2】Usually, before being given a transfusion, .A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma firstB．a person needs to have a good restC．a person needs to have a lot of food and waterD．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him【小题3】The third most mon blood type among the Europeans is .A．AB．BC．ABD．O【小题4】Which is NOT right according to the passage?
A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.
B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.
C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.
D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.
【小题5】Which is the best title for the passage? A．Blood transfusionB．Blood groupsC．Car accidentsD．Blood group and nationalitiesD
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(答案→)D
解析：这篇文章讲述的是人类具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之间该如何输血。
【小题1】细节题。根据文章可知，A,B血型可以给AB血型的人输血，O血型可以给A,B,AB血型的人输血。故选D
【小题2】细节题。根据文章However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible.可知，一个人被输血之前，首先要吸收一些盐水或者血浆。故选A
【小题3】细节题。根据文章可知，在欧洲，百分之四十二的人是A型血，百分之四十五是O型血，最稀缺的血型是AB型，可知，第三种最普遍的血型是B型血。故选B
【小题4】细节题。根据文章可知，在欧洲B血型和AB血型的人总共占百分之十三。故选C
【小题5】主旨题。这篇文章讲述的是人类具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之间如何输血。故选B