The ship a severe storm was travelling to the west coast of the United States from Korea.

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A. was caught in
B. which caught in
(答案→)C. caught in
D. caught by
解析：句意：遭遇严重风暴的这艘船从韩国向西朝美国西海岸航行。这里was travelling是谓语动词，前面需要定语修饰the’ ship，词组“be caught in”遭遇到，所以用过去分词做定语，B项是定语从句，但是缺少was，所以选C。