The mental aspect of athletics is underrated. The mon expression, “athletics are 90 percent and 10 percent physical,” is often used by coaches, and stresses that mindsets make a huge in petitions.
“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you ,” said Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast Shannon Miller during an interview with the Dana Foundation. “The mental aspect has to , especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic games, everyone is talented. Everyone hard. Everyone does the work. What the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game.”
Many athletes have used the technique of mental imagery, or , to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of found that the patterns activated when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights were activated when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental can be almost as effective as physical training. One study, published in the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology in 1996, found that weight lifting caused changes in muscle activity.
“Mental imagery many cognitive (认知的) processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory,” researcher Angie LeVan wrote in Psychology Today. “So the is getting trained for actual performance during visualization. It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and your brain for success.”
visualizing is more than just thinking about an uping event. athletes use visualization, they truly feel the event taking place in their mind’s eye.
“During visualization, she incorporates (整合) all of her into the experience,” sports psychologist Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote in a blog post on The Huffington Post a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the petitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race before executing (完成) her performance.”
【小题1】A．luckyB．intelligentC．mental D．strategic【小题2】A．difference B．importanceC．improvementD．challenge【小题3】A．so long B．so far C．so much D．so high【小题4】A．turn on B．show offC．take up D．set off【小题5】A．thinksB．moves C．runs D．trains【小题6】A．breaksB．pushes C．decidesD．distinguishes【小题7】A．activation B．visualizationC．motivation D．perception【小题8】A．athletes B．gymnastsC．weightlifters D．skaters【小题9】A．regularly B．normallyC．finally D．similarly【小题10】A．connection B．practiceC．performances D．directions【小题11】A．imagining B．consideringC．reviewing D．dreaming【小题12】A．few B．usualC．actual D．strange【小题13】A．impacts B．increases C．slows D．follows【小题14】A．brain B．body C．attention D．memory【小题15】A．help B．apply C．useD．prepare【小题16】A．Though B．ButC．Thus D．Otherwise【小题17】A．Unless B．AfterC．When D．Until【小题18】A．observations B．spiritC．determination D．senses【小题19】A．to B．for C．about D．with【小题20】A．in surpriseB．in detailC．on time D．for exampleC
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(答案→)C
解析：文章介绍对运动员来说精神的锻炼和身体的锻炼一样重要，为了更好的发挥，运动员可以运用想象来体验比赛的过程。
【小题1】考查形容词辨析：A. lucky幸运的，B. intelligent聪明的，C. mental精神的，D. strategic策略，根据上文的：The mental aspect of athletics is underrated.可知运动员90%是精神上的，10%是身体的，选C。
【小题2】考查名词辨析：A. difference不同，B. importance 重要性，C. improvement 提高，D. challenge挑战，强调思想在比赛中有很大影响，这里使用了词组make a difference，有影响，选A。
【小题3】考查词组辨析：A. so long再见，B. so far 到现在为止，这么远，C. so much这么多，D. so high这么高，运动的身体方面只能将你带到这么远。选B。
【小题4】考查动词短语辨析：A. turn on打开，B. show off炫耀，C. take up拿起，从事，D. set off出发，动身，根据下文的句子：especially when you’re talking about the best of the best.精神方面必须要打开，尤其当你要发挥极致的时候，选A。
【小题5】考查动词辨析： A. thinks 想，B. moves移动，C. runs 跑，D. trains训练，根据下文：Everyone does the work.奥运比赛中每个人都是有天赋的，每个人都是刻苦训练的，选D。
【小题6】考查动词辨析：A. breaks打破，B. pushes推，C. decides决定，D. distinguishes区分，区别金牌获得者和银牌获得者的只有精神的比赛。考查的是：distinguish…from…区分…和…，选D。
【小题7】考查名词辨析：A. activation活化，激活，[化]活化作用，致活，B. visualization形象（化），形象化，想像，目测，C. motivation动机，动力，D. perception知觉，觉察（力），观念，很多运动员使用的是精神想象法，mental imagery =visualization, 从下文的：So the is getting trained for actual performance during visualization.也可以得到答案，所以选B。
【小题8】考查名词辨析：A. athletes运动员，B. gymnasts 体操运动员，C. weightlifters 举重运动员，D. skaters滑冰运动员，根据下文的句子：when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights可知这个研究研究的是举重运动员的大脑的模式，选C。
【小题9】考查副词辨析：A. regularly定期的，B. normally正常的，C. finally最后的，D. similarly相似地，根据下文的：some studies have suggested that mental can be almost as effective as physical training.举重运动员举起重量的时候，大脑的活动和只是想象举起重量的活动的相似地。选D。
【小题10】考查名词辨析：A. connection 联系，B. practice 练习，C. performances表演，表现，D. directions方向，指导，根据这句话中的：physical training，可知一些研究甚至说，精神的练习和身体的训练的效果是一样的，选B。
【小题11】考查动词辨析：A. imagining 想象，B. considering考虑，C. reviewing复习，D. dreaming梦想，根据上文的：when they simply imagined lifting可知想象举重导致肌肉活动的实际的改变。选A。
【小题12】考查形容词辨析：A. few很少，B. usual通常，C. actual实际上，D. strange奇怪的，和想象相比这种改变是实际的，选C。
【小题13】考查动词辨析：A. impacts影响，B. increases增加，C. slows放慢，D. follows跟随，根据下文的例子：motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory,”可知精神想象影响大脑很多认知过程。选A。
【小题14】考查名词辨析：A. brain大脑，B. body身体，C. attention注意，D. memory记忆，根据下文的句子：It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and your brain for success.”所以在想象中大脑为实际的表现受训练。选A。
【小题15】考查动词辨析：A. help帮助，B. apply 利用，C. use 使用，D. prepare准备，精神训练可以增强动力，增加自信，提高运动的表现，使大脑做好成功的准备。词组：prepare sth for为…做好准备，选D。
【小题16】考查连词辨析：A. Though 虽然，B. But 但是，C. Thus因此，D. Otherwise否则，但是想象不仅仅是想即将到来的比赛。和上文的句子是转折关系，选B。
【小题17】考查连词辨析：A. Unless 除非，B. After 在…后面，C. When当…时候，D. Until直到，当运动员使用想象的时候，他们能真正的感觉到比赛在大脑中发生。When引导时间状语从句，选C。
【小题18】考查名词辨析：A. observations观察，B. spirit 精神，C. determination决定，D. senses感觉，根据下文的：“She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits, and she sees herself racing ahead of the petitors.可知在想象中她整合所有的感官到这个经历。选D。
【小题19】考查介词辨析：A. to给，B. for为了，C. about 关于，D. with和…一起，Dr JoAnn Dahlkoetter写的是关于一个速滑运动员。用about表示关于，选C
【小题20】考查介词短语辨析： A. in surprise惊讶地，B. in detail 详细的，C. on time 准时的，D. for example例如，在完成表演之前她详细的体验了比赛的所有的因素。选B