评析庞德翻译李白的长干行

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Ezra Pound（1885－1972年），具有世界影响的诗人、翻译家。他早期创作的意象派诗歌风格清新、文字瑰丽，成为一代先驱。出于对东方文化的热爱，他对李白、李清照和陶渊明等大诗人的诗作进行了翻译与再创作，使中国优秀的诗歌作品登上了世界诗坛。他政治上比较反动，曾极力为法西斯摇旗呐喊。二战后备美国法庭定为判国罪，后因精神失常而终止了创作。????The River Merchant''s Wife: a Letter??by Ezra Pound????While my hair was still cut straight across my forehead??I played about the front gate, pulling flowers.??You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse,??You walked about my seat, playing with blue plums.??And we went on living in the villiage of Chokan:??Two small people, without dislike or suspicion.????At fourteen I married my lord you.??I never laughed, being bashful.??Lowering my head, I looked at the wall.??Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.????At fifteent I stopped scowling,??I desired my dust to be mingled with yours??For ever and for ever and for ever.??Why should I clime the look out?????At sixteen you departed,??You went into far Ku-to-yen, by the river of swirling eddies,??And you have been gone five months,??The monkeys make sorrowful noise overhead.????You dragged your feet when you went out ,??By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses,??Too deep to clear them away!??The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind.??The paired butterflies are already yellow with August??Over the grass in the West garden;????They hurt me. I grow older.??If you are ing down through the narrows of the river Kiang,??Please let me know beforehand,??And I will e out to meet you,??As far as Cho-fu-Sa.????李白原诗：??长干行（河商之妻：一封家书）????妾发初覆额。??折花门前剧。??郎骑竹马来。??绕床弄青梅。??同居长干里。??两小无嫌猜。??十四为君妇。??羞颜未尝开。 ( 未尝一作尚不 )??低头向暗壁。??千唤不一回。??十五始展眉。??愿同尘与灰。??常存抱柱信。??岂上望夫台。 ( 岂一作耻 )??十六君远行。??瞿塘滟预堆。 【预加水旁】??五月不可触。??猿声天上哀。 ( 声一作鸣 )??门前迟行迹。 ( 迟一作旧 )??一一生绿苔。 ( 绿一作苍 )??苔深不能扫。??落叶秋风早。????八月胡蝶黄。??双飞西园草。??感此伤妾心。??坐愁红颜老。??早晚下三巴。??预将书报家。??相迎不道远。??直至长风沙一般认为，《河商之妻：一封家书》是庞德对《长干行》的翻译。由于庞德对中国文化认知的欠缺，诗中有很多误译之处，如将“竹马”译成bamboo stilts（“高跷”）等。在形式上，原诗是严格的五言律诗，而庞德的译诗则为无韵自由体诗。庞德的译诗的主题内涵与原诗有着一定的差距。两诗在语气、情感上的差别俯拾皆是，此处仅举最后一个诗节为例。原诗中的女主角见蝴蝶双飞，便生相思悲秋之意(“感此伤妾心，坐愁红颜老”)，一心盼望丈夫早归，称自己将“相迎不道远，直至长风沙。”真是深情款款。而庞诗则称”They hurt me. I grow older." 显得非常生硬、呆板。而随后的"if...please"句型更是显出女主人公口吻的冷淡及她与丈夫之间关系的生疏。她也将去迎接丈夫远行归来，"as far as Cho-fu-Sa", 仅此而已。因此，庞德的译诗实际上是他的再创作，诗中的女主人公身上也具有了更多的现代性。该诗是许多美国诗选的必录之作，从这个意义上来讲，我们完全可以将之理解为庞德自己的代表作。